Republic of Ethiopia (2018) Hazardous Waste Management and disposal control proclamation, Ethiopia

Republic of Ethiopia (2018) Hazardous Waste Management and disposal control proclamation, Ethiopia


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PATER E ELEAP APHGALP CT NAN

bLON VICK IUD
FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETTE

OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA


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24" Year No.58
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Content


Proclamation No.1090/2018

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Control Proclamation... ................000. --Page 10439

SE

PROCLAMATION NO.1090/2018

APROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FOR

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
DISPOSAL CONTROL

WHEREAS, hazardous waste are among
one of the main environmental problems in our
country; : :

WHEREAS, it is important to prevent and
control problems of environmental pollution caused
by the mismanagement and disposal of hazardous

»

‘| waste;

WHEREAS, creating a system to control
the generation, storage, treatment, recycling and
reuse, transportation, disposal and movement of
hazardous wastes is of paramount importance to
prevent harm to human and animal health as well as
the environmental due to the mismanagement of
hazardous waste; . -

NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with
Article 55(1) of the Constitution of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it is hereby
proclaimed as follows:


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Federal Negarit Gazette No, 58 7" September, 2018 .... page 10440


PART ONE

GEN ERAL PROVISIONS

1. Short Title

This Proclamation may be cited as the
“hazardous waste management and disposal

control Proclamation No. 1090/2018”.

2. Definition

In this Proclamation:

1/ "Bamako Convention" means the Bamako
Convention on the Ban of the Import of
hazardous waste into Africa and the Control
of Trans-boundary Movement and
Management of Hazardous Waste within
Africa;

2/ "Basel Convention" means the Basel
Convention on the Control of Trans-

boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste
and their Disposal;

af “disposal” means . any hazardous. waste
disposal operation specified in Annex Three
of this Proclamation;

4/ “disposer” means any person who engaged in
the disposal of hazardous waste;

5/ "environment" means the totality of all
materials whether in their natural state or
modified or changed by humans, their
external spaces and the interactions which
affect their quality or quantity and the
welfare of. human or other living beings,
including but not restricted to, land,
atmosphere, weather and climate, water,
living things, sound, odour, taste, social -
factors, and aesthetics;

6/ “environmentally sound management of
wastes” means taking all practicable steps to
ensure that hazardous wastes are managed in
a manner which shall protect human health
and the environment against the adverse -
effects which may result from such wastes;

7/ “exporter” means any person who exports


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Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10441


8/ “generator” means any person who generates
hazardous wastes or, in case where the
generator. is not known, a person who
knowingly or unknowingly possesses the
hazardous wastes;

9/ "hazard" means the inherent characteristics
_ of a substance agent, or situation having the
potential to cause adverse effects or damage
- — to human or animal health, the environment, _
biodiversity and property;

10/“hazardous waste” means wastes that belong
to any category contained in Annex One of
this Proclamation, and possessed any of the
characteristic contained in Annex Two;
including those wastes that might be

~ categorized as hazardous waste by the
directive to be issued by the Ministry;

11/“importer” means any person who import a
hazardous waste into Ethiopia;

12/"label" means a written, printed or graphic
matter attached boldly to the immediate
container of a hazardous and the outside
container or wrapper of the immediate
container;

13/“Ministry" or "Minister" means the Ministry
or Minister of the Environment, Forest and_
Climate Change, respectively;

14/"person" means any natural or _ juridical
p
person ;

15/"pollution" means any condition which is
hazardous or potentially hazardous to human
health, safety, or welfare or to living things
created by altering any physical, radioactive,
thermal, chemical, biological or other
property of any part of the environment in
contravention of any obligation, limitation or
restriction made under any other relevant
law;

16/ “recycle” means converting of hazardous

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17/"release” means discharging of hazardous |
wastes to the environment intentionally or

negligently;

18/ “responsible authority” means the Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
and the responsible regional state or city
administration authority;

19/“reuse” means an operation of re-using
hazardous waste for its original purpose;

20/“storage facility” means a place designated
for the storage of hazardous wastes;

21/“transporter” means a person engaged in the
transportation of hazardous waste;

22/“treatment” means action taken to reduce or
avoid hazardous impact of wastes;

23/"State" means any state referred to in Article
47(1) of the Constitution of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and
includes Addis. Aa and Dire Dawa city
administrations;

24/any expression in the masculine gender
includes the feminine.

- Qbiesti

This Proclamation shall have the following

objectives:

1/ Create a system for the environmentally sound
management and disposal of hazardous Waste

2/ Prevent the damage to the human or animal
health, the environment, biodiversity and
property due to the mismanagement of
hazardous waste.

s (Applicati

This Proclamation shall apply to any:

1/ waste that belong to any category contained in
Annex One of this Proclamation, and waste
possesses any of the characteristic contained in
Annex Two; as well as on those wastes that
might be categorized as hazardous waste by the
directive to be issued by the Ministry;

2/ person who generates, reuses, recycles,
stores, transports, or disposes hazardous
waste at large in nation.


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Any producer shall adopt the following clean
production principles to minimize hazardous
waste:

1/ minimize the release of hazardous waste by
reducing or eliminating the hazardous
substances in the raw materials during the
production process;

2/ monitoring the production process by:

a) reducing the wastage in input and
product;

b) creating conditions necessary for the
collection and reusability or recyclability
of the product after its expiry period.

Hazardous waste generator shall have the

following responsibilities:

1/ collect, segregate and dispose or cause to be
collected, recycled or disposed of hazardous
waste by authorized body;

2/ ensure that the container of hazardous waste
are properly packed and _ conspicuously
labeled with Amharic and English languages,

3/ keep record on the type gand quantity of
hazardous waste that exist at the temporary
hazardous waste storage facility; and show
the record at any time when requested by
inspector;

4/ not to store a hazardous waste at a temporary
storage. facility for a period exceeding one
month.

. Labeling of Hazardous Waste

1/ Any hazardous waste generator, collector,
transporter or importer shall conspicuously
label the hazardous waste.

2/ The label of hazardous waste shall contain
the following information:

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3/ Any” hazardous waste generator, collector,
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may be necessary.

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8. Transportation of Hazardous Waste

1/ Any person seeking to engage in the
transportation of hazardous wastes shall
obtain authorization from the Ministry.

2/ Where the applicant fulfills the requirements
stipulated in the directives to be issued for
this purpose, the Ministry shall issue the
authorization within 30 working days; where
the applicant fails to fulfill the requirements,
he shall, notify in writing within 15 working
days, either to submit additional document or
the denial of the authorization.

3/ When the applicant is dissatisfied with the
decision he may submit his complaint to the |
Minister within 15 working days.

4/ Any transporter of hazardous waste shall
transport the wastes in a manner that does not
affect the human and animal health or the
environment or reusability and subsequent
treatment of the hazardous waste.

5/ Any person engaged in the transportation of
hazardous waste shall train his drivers on the
transportation and management of hazardous
waste.

6/ Any institution engaged in the transportation
of hazardous wastes shall ensure that the
consignment is adequately insured to cover

. liability ensuing from any harm to human or
animal health or the environment that may
result from any accidental release.

7/ Anvbody who infect and damage the


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and reusing, recycling, treating as well as
disposing process of hazardous waste, shall
pay compensation for damage according to
the provisions of pollution proclamation
issued.

8/ The authorization issued to any person
pursuant to the provision of sub-article (1) of
this Article shall be renewed every year up
fulfilling the requirements stipulated in the
directives issued for this purpose.

9. Documents Accompanying the Transportation

of Hazardous Waste

1/ Any transporter of hazardous wastes shall be
accompanied by a document issued by the
Ministry during transportation:

27 Without prejudice to sub-article (1) of this
Article, the transporter shall accompany
documents showing the following additional
information:

a) name,date and full address of the initial
and final destination of the consignment;

b) scientific and common names of the
hazardous waste;

c) number and type of packages as well as
the total quantity;

d) full addresses of the consignor and
consignee;

e) information on safety measures to be
» taken in case of an accident.

3/ The transporter shall have a duty to show the
documents mentioned in sub-article (2) of
this Article at any time to the inspector
assigned by responsible authority. ,

10. Precautionary Measures to be Taken During

Transportation

1/ The driver who transports hazardous wastes,
upon receiving the documents specified in
Article 9, shall ensure that the consignment
complies with the description contained in

the documentation.
2/ Any hazardous wastes being transported shall


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Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 ....

‘page 10446


3/ In the event of any accident during
transportation of waste the driver shall take
the following measures:

a) secure the area around the vehicle and the
spill;

b) call emergency services;

c) immediately notify to consignor, the

consignee, and the responsible authority
on the nature of the spill or accident.

11. Hazardous Wastes Storage

1/ Any person seeking to engage in the storage
of hazardous wastes shall _ obtain
authorization from the Ministry.

2/ Upon receipt of any application to secure
authorization, the Ministry shall ensure
fulfillment of the following requirements:

_ a) adequate facilities and other necessary
equipments are available for the safe
storage of hazardous wastes;

b) availability of adequate security and
health and,safety equipments.

3/ Without prejudice to the requirements
stipulated under sub-article (2) of this Article,
the Ministry, as may be necessary:

a) prepare procedures and other pre-
requisites for the licensing of hazardous
waste storage;

b) issue requirements pertaining to the
storage facilities of hazardous wastes in
collaboration with the competent
authority.

4/ The applicant to obtain authorization for
storage of hazardous waste shall, before
commencing operation, enter insurance to
cover liability for harm to human or animal
health or the environment.

5/ Where the applicant fulfills the requirements,
the Ministry shall issue the certificate within .

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Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7 September, 2018 page 10447


submit additional document or denial of the
authorization.

6/ When the applicant is dissatisfied with the
decision he may submit his complaint to the
Minister within 15 working days.

7/ The authorization issued to any person
pursuant to the provision of sub-article (1) of
this Article shall be renewed every two years
up fulfilling the requirements.

TE. ANTE Ot AOS 97 70- PTIFX¢ | 12. Precautionary Measures During Storage

Any owner or administrator of a storage facility
shall:

I/ prevent the storage
unauthorised access;

facility against

2/ ensure that all hazardous wastes stored on the
premises are packed, labeled and segregated;

3/ maintain data on the type, character and
amount of any hazardous waste stored in the
premise and ensure that the data ate readily
accessible to the inspectors;

4/ ensure that emergency equipments are readily
available to contain an accidents;

5/ conduct dailyzinspection of the hazardous
wastes stored on the premises by trained
personnel to control the accidental release;

6/ place an indicator to the boundary of
hazardous waste storage facility;

7/ ensure that the employees engaged in
hazardous waste management has obtained
appropriate training in the field.

13. Reuse of Hazardous Wastes

Hazardous wastes may be reused where it is
proved that it does not cause harm to the human —
and animal health and environment.


bLGA TICK DN RTC VE 27-°R @ + ENT 99° Federal Negarit Gazette No, 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10448


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9. ARIE SATPTY WhHS wAA TEP AL | 14. Treating and Recycling of Hazardous Wastes
— DATIPA

b/ ARTE DAA ATPT AA PHY? APL, 1/ Any person seeking to engage in the treating
AIPA 22d AP NATE PLEAD and recycling of hazardous wastes shall apply
VyF ag? ha ATLAS — VANE to the Ministry and obtain authorization.
AIPA BP IVT NANT:

G/ UU APR FOO APR (8) Cow” t 2/ Any person. submitted application to the
ARLES. VANE PPE 7940-9 Aor Ministry pursuant to sub-article (1) of this
PUNTATD Pea UEP TVA Article shall be granted authorization when
AZ21P BLL BAMPAL the fulfillment of the following _ pre-

conditions are verified:

V) “L20eES Nooaog? POAT Ea) PYPN19 a) complies with the requirements of
PVECEEE VLA registration’ set in the directives of the

Ministry;

A) avn OL GAA PPP AL, b) that the recycling facility and its processes
AVPA “"Whadg wAA PTH? AP, are acquiescent in accordance with the
PUPA RAGS LEAds PHORors requirements set by the Ministry; and
PNECHE LUA PUGFO-? AF

ch) ATTN? OL.I° AA PEP? AL, ITIPA c) put in place a process that disposes the
WZ PM ALIS SACP T hazardous wastes Benerate during the

treating or recyclin rocess in an
AAG, bFAC7e7] UW? 271k TIMI environmentally ound manner.
PTA 2°COb PHIR aos:

F/ Urbs BPR Meta: Nar ABC KD 3/ Where the applicant fulfills the requirements,
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EPR BANA: RaANE aAé6.Ct EF within 30 working days; where the applicant
PARA ADL MAN APOE PAG PSF fails to fulfill the requirements, he shall,
Oar ra IE COLE VEC KILLA within | 15 working days, be notified in
wey Ls 2 P92AP Aden Rds writing either to submit additional document

or denial of the authorization.

LAO LA:: “

6/ AoANE Nla-dsar AL, 47° hha NIG 4/ When the applicant is dissatisfied with the
C29. PSR OAT ATLAS PEDar4 decision, he may submit his complaint to the
99D 24) 2B PAAS: | Minister within 15 working days.

G/ WU APPR FOOD APR (8) cowdr 5/ The authorization issued to any person
6.2 & Ptrama- “195 ary? far pursuant to the provision of sub-article (1) of
PAECHED UIVAE GLPS7 NPAT this Article shall be renewed every two years
Bank FLA RAN: up fulfilling the requirements.

E. ALF SITPT7 dA ATtP AL NPA | 15. Treatment and Handling before Recycling

AT hws Net PUhTos vhs AT | and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

ALLU

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appropriate measures shall be taken to
prevent the risks of breakage and potential
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2/ To prevent or minimize potential risks, the
recycling facility shall ensure that employees
engaged in hazardous waste recycling duty
has obtained appropriate training in the field.

3/ Appropriate safety materials have to be
fulfilled to ensure prevention of recycling
and disposal facility employees.

2

4/ Any person who engaged in the treatment of
hazardous waste must inform to the Minister,
the type, quantity and way of treatment of
hazardous waste.

16. Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

1/ The hazardous wastes must be discharged, if
_ it proved recycling of the waste is impossible
even after treatment .

2/ Hazardous waste disposal activity shall be
carried out according to Annex 3 description
of this proclamation

1/ Any person seeking to engage in the trans-
boundary transaction of hazardous wastes
shall apply to the Ministry and obtain
authorization.

2/ Where the applicant fulfills the requirements

_ prescribed in the directives of the Ministry,
the Ministry shall issue authorization within
30 working days; where the applicant fails to
fulfill the requirements, he shall, within 15
working days, be notified in writing either to
submit additional document or denial of the
authorization.

3/;When the applicant is dissatisfied with the
decision he may submit his complaint to the
Minister within 15 working days.

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5/ Without prejudice to the provision of sub-
article (4) of this Article, the Ministry shall
issue Directive for importation of hazardous
waste only for identified purpose.

6/ The Ministry shall ensure that the exportation
of hazardous wastes from Ethiopia is in
accordance with prior informed consent as
stated in the Basel or Bamako conventions.

7/ The authorization issued to any person
pursuant to the provision of sub-article (1) of
this Article shall be renewed every year up
fulfilling the requirements.

18. Hlegal Transaction of Hazardous Waste

1/ In accordance with this Proclamation, the
transaction of hazardous waste deemed to be
illegal if:

a) the transaction is conducted without
authorization of the Ministry;

b) the authorization has been obtained
through fraud, presenting false document, |
or misrepresents the hazardous waste; or

c) the transaction does not comply to the

details provided in the movement
documents; or

d) contravenes the Basel Convention,
international agreements ratified by

Ethiopia, or other national laws relating to
hazardous waste transaction.

2/ In the case of illegal import of the hazardous
wastes, the importer shall re-export the
hazardous waste at his own cost within ninety
days from the date of its arrival.

3/ The “Ministry, in collaboration with
appropriate government organs, shall follow
up and implement the provision of sub-article
(2) of this Article.

PART FOUR
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

19. Inter-State Movement of Hazardous Wastes

1/ Each Regional State shall minimize shipment

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2/ The Ministry may authorize any inter-state
transportation of hazardous waste when the
“responsible Regi@nal Environmental
Protection Authority in the destination
Regional State has agreed on the transfer of
the waste in writing. |

3/ Hazardous waste may be transported from
one regional state or urban administration to
another regional state or urban administration
only if the recipient Regional State or Urban
Administration has notified its.consent to the
sender in writing of its capacity to recycle or
dispose of the waste in an environmentally
sound manner. .

20. Power to Suspend or Cancel an Authorization

1/ The Ministry may suspend authorization of
any person until realization of preconditions
and requirements within 15 working days
where the authorized person fails to comply
with requirements and conditions of
transportation, storage, recycling facility and
its processes or trans-boundary movement of

" hazardous wastes or violates any provision of
this Proclamation.

2/ The Ministry may cancel the authorization or
order immediate termination of authorization,
if the person whose authorization is
suspended pursuant to sub-article (1) of this
Article fails to rectify the requirements and
conditions within the suspension period.

3/ Any person whose authorization has been
suspended or canceled has the responsibility
to manage the hazardous wastes properly.

21. Penalty

Unless it requires higher penalty under Criminal
law, Whosoever:-

1/ imports hazardous waste without the
authorization of the Ministry shall be
punished with rigorous imprisonment not
exceeding five years, and with a fine not less
than 500,000 Birr;


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Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7 September, 2018 .....page 10452


2/ fails to re-export the hazardous waste
imported without the authorization of the
Ministry within 90 days shall be punished
with rigorous imprisonment not exceeding
five years, and with fine not less than
500,000 Birr;

3/ pollutes the environment by _ illegally
importing hazardous waste shall be punished
with rigorous imprisonment not exceeding
ten years, and with fine not less than Five
Million Birr;

4/ pollutes the environment by _ illegally
importing hazardous waste, and fails to
rehabilitate the environment shall be
punished with rigorous imprisonment not
exceeding 20 years, and with a fine not less
than Ten Million Birr; |

5/ transports, stores or recycles hazardous waste
without obtaining authorization from the
Ministry and unrenewed authorization shall
be punished with rigorous imprisonment not
exceeding five years, and with a fine not less
than 500,000 Birr;

6/ discharges or dispose of a hazardous waste
into the environment without treating shall,
without prejudice to his obligation to treat the
environment, be punished with rigorous
imprisonment not less than five years and
with a fine not less than 500,000 Birr;

7/ provides incorrect information or in any other
way impedes the activities of inspector shall
be punished with rigorous imprisonment not
exceeding five years and with a fine of not
less than 50,000 Birr.

22. Transitory Provisions

Any person who has been engaged in the
transaction of hazardous wastes before the
coming into force of this Proclamation, shall
‘comply with the preconditions and requirements
provided in this Proclamation within six month
from the date of coming into force of this
Proclamation.

23. Power to Issue Regulations and Directive

1/ The issue

ee We a

Council of Ministers may

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Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7 September, 2018 ..

2/

.-page 10453


The Ministry may issue Directive for the
proper implementation of the provisions this
Proclamation and Regulation issued under

.sub-article (1) of this Article.

24. Effective Date

This Proclamation shall enter into force upon the
date of publication in the Federal Negarit

Gazette.
Done at Addis Ababa, this 7" day of
September, 2018

MULATU TESHOME (D.r)

PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA


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ANNEX I

CATEGORIES OF WASTES TO BE CONTROLLED

Waste Streams

wastes from medical care in hospitals, medical centers and clinics other institutions
Wastes from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical products

Waste pharmaceuticals, drugs and medicines

Wastes from the production, formulation and use of biocides and phytopharmaceuticals
Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood preserving chemicals
Wastes from the production, formulation and use of organic solvents

Wastes from heat treatment and tempering operations containing cyanides

Waste mineral oils unfit for their originally intended use

Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions

Waste substances and articles containing or contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PC

and/or polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and/or polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)

Waste tarry residues arising from refining, distillation and any pyrolytic treatment

Wastes from production, formulation and use of inks, dyes,pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish
Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers, glues/adhesives

Waste chemical substances arising from research and development or teaching activities which

not identified and/or are new and whose effects on man and/or the environment are not known
Wastes of an explosive nature not subject to other legislation

#
Wastes from production, formulation and use of photographic chemicals and processing materiz

Wastes resulting from surface treatment of metals and plastics

Residues arising from industrial waste disposal operations


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ax TA GET

e Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-furan

Wastes having as constituents
Metal Carbonyls

Beryllium; beryllium compounds
Hexavalent chromium compounds
Copper compounds

Zinc compounds

Arsenic; arsenic compounds
Selenium; selenium compounds
Cadmium; cadmium compounds

Antimony; antimony compounds
Tellurium; tellurium compounds
Mercury; mercury compounds
Thallium; thallium compounds

Lead: lead compounds .

ALOR 106% HD HOC UE 477% BoD eat ao”

Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10457

Inorganic fluorine compounds excluding calcium fluoride

Inorganic cyanides

Acidic solutions or acids in solid form

Basic solutions or bases in solid form

Asbestos (dust and fibres)

Organic phosphorus compounds

Organic cyanides

Phenols; phenol compounds including chlorophenols

Ethers

Halogenated organic solvents

Organic solvents excluding halogenated solvents

e Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin

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IS Th OF 4D 4LGA 1WICE OWN REC AL REO Fb) EAT G9" Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10459
ANNEX I

LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS

e Explosives

An explosive substance or waste is a solid or liquid substance or waste (or mixture of substances or waste’

which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and |
*

~

such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.

e Flammable liquids

The word “flammable” has the same meaning as “inflammable”. Flammable liquids are liquids, or mixtures
liquids, or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension (for example, paints, varnishes, lacquers, et
but not including substances or wastes otherwise classified on account of their dangerous characteristic
which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures of not more than 60.5°C, closed-cup test, or not more th
65.6°C, open-cup test. (Since the results of open-cup tests and of closed-cup tests are not strictly comparal
and even individual results by the same test are often variable, regulations varying from the above figures

make allowance for such differences would be within the spirit of this definition.)

e Flammable solid

e&

Solids, or waste solids, other than those classed as explosives, which under conditions encountered

transport are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.

e Substances or wastes liable to spontaneous combustion

Substances or wastes which are liable to spontaneous heating under normal conditions encountered

transport, or to heating up on contact with air, and being then liable to catch fire.
e Substances or wastes which, in contact with water emit flammable gases

Substances or wastes which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable o
give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities

e Oxidizing

®
wn

Substances or wastes which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yiel

oxygen cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other materials.

e Organic Peroxides


1k TH OPH ALGM 1ICT I RTC LE 449% & > ENT 49° Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10460

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TH OPES ELGAR 1DIGE IN REC UE 44° @ 4) BAT 9.9° Federal Negarit Gazett No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 10461
®

Organic substances or wastes which contain the bivalent-o-o-structure are thermally unstable substances
which may undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition

e Poisonous (Acute)

Substances or wastes liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm human health if swallowed or
inhaled or by skin contact

*e Infectious substances

substances or wastes containing viable micro organisms or their toxins which are kn@wn or suspected to cause
jisease in animals or humans.

e Corrosives

substances or wastes which, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue,
yr, in the case of leakage, will materially damage, or even destroy, other goods or the means of transport; they
nay also cause other hazards.

e Liberation of toxic gases in contact with air or water

Substances or wastes which, by interaction with air or water, are liable to give off toxic gases in dangerous
juantities. .

e Toxic (Delayed or chronic)

substances or wastes, which if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve delayed
wr chronic effects, including carcinogenicity. °

e Ecotoxic

substances or wastes which if released present or may present immediate or delayed adverse impacts to the
nvironment by means of bioaccumulation and/or toxic effects upon biotic systems.

e Capable, by any means, after disposal, of yielding another material, e.g., leachate, which possesses
any of the characteristics listed above.

ANNEX ITT |

DISPOSAL OPERATIONS |

\. Operations which do not lead to the possibility of resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct

‘e-usé or alternative uses ; |

Section A encompasses all such disposal operations which occur in practice.
e Deposit into or onto land, (e.g., landfill, etc.)

e Land treatment, (e.g., biodegradation of liquid or sludgy discards in soils, etc.)


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OO Neely FL GLEAN VICK IN RTC AE RP & PF RAL 49° Federal Negarit Gazette No. 58 7" September, 2018 .....page 1046

Deep injection, (e.g., injection of pumpable discards into wells, salt domes of naturally occurrir

repositories, etc.)

Surface impoundment, (e.g., placement of liquid or sludge discards into,pits, ponds or lagoons,

4

Specially engineered landfill, (e.g., placement into lined discrete cells which are capped and iso

from one another and the environment, etc.)
Release into a water body except seas/oceans
Release into seas/oceans including sea-bed insertion

Biological treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds or

which are discarded by means of any of the operations in Section A

Physico chemical treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compo
mixtures which are discarded by means of any of the operations in Section A, (e.g., evaporatior

calcination, neutralization, precipitation, etc.)

- Incineration on land

B. Operations which may lead to resource recovery, recycling reclamation, direct re-use or alter

uses

Section B encompasses all such operations with respect to materials legally defined as or consi
to be hazardous wastes and which otherwise would have been destined for operations inclu
SectionA

Use as a fuel (other than in direct incineration) or other means to generate energy

Solvent reclamation/regeneration

~ Recycling/reclamation of organic substances which are not used as solvents

Recycling/reclamation of metals and metal compounds
Recycling/reclamation of other inorganic materials
Regeneration of acids or bases

Recovery of components used for pollution abatement